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CMS NTAP for AI Medical Devices: 2025 US Inpatient Reimbursement Guide
CMS New Technology Add-on Payment (NTAP) is the fastest path to Medicare reimbursement for by providing additional Medicare payments...
Aug 137 min read


What Is EU AI Act? Medical Device Compliance Guide 2025
The EU AI Act is a risk-based regulation requiring AI medical devices to undergo dual compliance, single integrated CE: NB assesses AIA +...
Aug 127 min read


FDA PCCP vs EU AI Act for AI/ML Medical Devices: 2025 US–EU Strategy
EU AI Act requires separate AI system certification alongside medical device approval, with 36-month implementation timeline. FDA's PCCP...
Aug 126 min read


What Is IMDRF? 2025 AI/ML & SaMD Guide (N88 GMLP + N81 Risk)
IMDRF is the global forum harmonizing medical device regulations across major markets (FDA, MHRA, Health Canada, EU). On Jan, 2025, IMDRF...
Aug 116 min read


Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) for AI/ML-Enabled Devices: 2025 FDA Guide
A Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) is FDA documentation that lets you pre-define specific AI/ML software changes—and the methods...
Aug 610 min read


AI Medical Devices: FDA Draft Guidance, TPLC & PCCP Guide 2025
FDA AI medical device regulation received major updates with comprehensive draft guidance for artificial intelligence-enabled devices. On January 7, 2025 , FDA issued draft guidance for AI-enabled device software functions (DSF) that applies a Total Product Life Cycle (TPLC) approach. It recommends what to include in submissions: model description, data lineage/splits, performance tied to claims, bias analysis/mitigation, human-AI workflow, monitoring, and—if you’ll updat
Jul 2010 min read


FDA Cybersecurity Compliance Standards: 2025 Complete Guide
FDA's new cybersecurity compliance standards carry criminal penalties and RTA threats that can destroy medical device companies. With the...
Jul 148 min read


What Is an SBOM? FDA Requirements for Medical Devices (2025 Guide)
A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is a machine-readable inventory of every software component in your device—proprietary, OTS, and...
Jul 99 min read


Top Reasons SaMD 510(k)s Get AI Letters (and How to Fix Them)
Most SaMD 510(k)s hit a first-cycle Additional Information (AI) letter , not a final rejection. The recurring issues: missing...
Jun 247 min read


SaMD vs SiMD: Quick Comparison for Medical Devices
SaMD (Software as a Medical Device) is software with a medical intended use that works independently of device hardware . SiMD...
Jun 175 min read


The Gentle Singularity in Life Sciences: What Sam Altman's AI Timeline Means for Medical Innovation
Sam Altman’s June 10, 2025 essay, “ The Gentle Singularity ,” sketches a near-term AI timeline—2025 agents doing real cognitive work,...
Jun 164 min read


Good Machine Learning Practice (GMLP): What It Is & Who Must Follow It
Good Machine-Learning Practice (GMLP) = ten regulator-endorsed principles for AI/ML medical devices, covering data, design, validation,...
Jun 123 min read


Clinical Evidence for SaMD: Valid Association, Analytical & Clinical Validation
To structure SaMD clinical evidence, build three pillars: valid clinical association (link SaMD output to the condition), analytical...
Jun 103 min read


FDA Software Validation 2025: What Evidence to Show
In 2025, FDA reviews a risk-based software evidence package per the Device Software Functions (DSF) guidance: choose Basic or Enhanced...
Jun 52 min read


Documenting AI-Enabled SaMD: What FDA’s Jan 2025 Draft Expects
FDA’s Jan 7, 2025 draft for AI-enabled device software functions recommends including: model description, dataset lineage/partitions...
Jun 33 min read


FDA SaMD Cybersecurity (2025): §524B, SBOM, Testing & eSTAR
In June 2025 FDA finalized its cybersecurity guidance and clarified §524B obligations for “ cyber devices .” For SaMD that connects to...
May 293 min read


IEC 62304 + ISO 14971 for SaMD: How to Integrate Lifecycle & Risk
Integrate IEC 62304 (software lifecycle) with ISO 14971 (risk management) by mapping hazards → requirements → design → tests →...
May 273 min read


FDA SaMD Pre-Submission (Q-Sub): When to Request & What to Include
Use an FDA Pre-Submission (Q-Sub) when your SaMD has novel tech/claims , unclear classification/pathway , clinical evidence questions,...
May 224 min read


FDA eSTAR for SaMD: What Changes After Oct 1 2025?
Starting October 1, 2025 , all De Novo requests for SaMD must be submitted using the FDA’s eSTAR template . This shift brings new module...
May 203 min read


Which FDA Pathway for SaMD? 510(k), De Novo, or PMA (2025)
Choosing a SaMD pathway depends on risk, novelty, and predicates . Use 510(k) when a suitable predicate exists for the same intended use...
May 153 min read
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