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What Is ISO 13485? QMSR 2026 Compliance Guide for Medical Devices
ISO 13485 is the international QMS standard for medical devices. In the U.S., FDA’s QMSR takes effect Feb 2, 2026 , incorporating ISO...
Jul 86 min read


What Is Substantial Equivalence (SE) in FDA 510(k)? Definition & Criteria
In 510(k) , substantial equivalence (SE) means your device has the same intended use as a predicate and either the same tech...
Jul 46 min read


What Is an RTA Hold? FDA 510(k) Acceptance Review (2025 Guide)
An RTA hold happens when a 510(k) fails FDA’s acceptance review and is not accepted for substantive review; you then have 180 days...
Jul 46 min read


What Is FDA's eSTAR? Electronic Submission Template Guide 2025
eSTAR is FDA’s interactive PDF template that structures medical-device submissions in the same layout reviewers use, with built-in...
Jul 37 min read


What Is an FDA Pre-Submission (Q-Sub)? Complete 2025 Guide
An FDA Pre-Submission (Q-Sub) is a voluntary way to get FDA feedback—by written response and/or a meeting—before or during an IDE,...
Jul 28 min read


Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE): 2025 FDA Guide
An HDE is a marketing application for a Humanitarian Use Device (HUD) —a device intended to treat/diagnose a condition that affects or...
Jul 17 min read


What Is an IDE? FDA Investigational Device Exemption Guide 2025
An Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) lets an unapproved or new-use device be used in a U.S. clinical study to collect...
Jun 266 min read


What Is FDA's Breakthrough Devices Program? Complete 2025 Guide
The FDA Breakthrough Devices Program gives truly novel, life-saving technologies a faster lane through 510(k), De Novo or PMA review. As...
Jun 256 min read


Top Reasons SaMD 510(k)s Get AI Letters (and How to Fix Them)
Most SaMD 510(k)s hit a first-cycle Additional Information (AI) letter , not a final rejection. The recurring issues: missing...
Jun 247 min read


FDA De Novo Pathway Explained: The Complete 2025 Guide
The De Novo pathway provides marketing authorization for novel, low–to–moderate-risk devices without a predicate , creating a new...
Jun 236 min read


Pre-market Approval (PMA) Explained: The Complete 2025 Guide
Premarket Approval (PMA) is FDA’s most rigorous pathway, used for most Class III devices (those that support/sustain life, prevent...
Jun 209 min read


FDA 510(k) Clearance Explained: How It Works (2025 Guide)
A 510(k) premarket notification is how most moderate-risk devices show substantial equivalence to a legally marketed predicate . If...
Jun 197 min read


510(k) vs De Novo vs PMA: How to Choose the Right Pathway (2025)
Choosing an FDA pathway hinges on risk, novelty, and predicates. Use 510(k) when a suitable predicate exists for the same intended use...
Jun 124 min read


Clinical Evidence for SaMD: Valid Association, Analytical & Clinical Validation
To structure SaMD clinical evidence, build three pillars: valid clinical association (link SaMD output to the condition), analytical...
Jun 103 min read


FDA Software Validation 2025: What Evidence to Show
In 2025, FDA reviews a risk-based software evidence package per the Device Software Functions (DSF) guidance: choose Basic or Enhanced...
Jun 52 min read


Documenting AI-Enabled SaMD: What FDA’s Jan 2025 Draft Expects
FDA’s Jan 7, 2025 draft for AI-enabled device software functions recommends including: model description, dataset lineage/partitions...
Jun 33 min read


FDA SaMD Cybersecurity (2025): §524B, SBOM, Testing & eSTAR
In June 2025 FDA finalized its cybersecurity guidance and clarified §524B obligations for “ cyber devices .” For SaMD that connects to...
May 293 min read


IEC 62304 + ISO 14971 for SaMD: How to Integrate Lifecycle & Risk
Integrate IEC 62304 (software lifecycle) with ISO 14971 (risk management) by mapping hazards → requirements → design → tests →...
May 273 min read


FDA SaMD Pre-Submission (Q-Sub): When to Request & What to Include
Use an FDA Pre-Submission (Q-Sub) when your SaMD has novel tech/claims , unclear classification/pathway , clinical evidence questions,...
May 224 min read


FDA eSTAR for SaMD: What Changes After Oct 1 2025?
Starting October 1, 2025 , all De Novo requests for SaMD must be submitted using the FDA’s eSTAR template . This shift brings new module...
May 203 min read
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